1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
// Copyright 2024 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

//! The event cache is an abstraction layer, sitting between the Rust SDK and a
//! final client, that acts as a global observer of all the rooms, gathering and
//! inferring some extra useful information about each room. In particular, this
//! doesn't require subscribing to a specific room to get access to this
//! information.
//!
//! It's intended to be fast, robust and easy to maintain.
//!
//! See the [github issue](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-rust-sdk/issues/3058) for more details about the historical reasons that led us to start writing this.
//!
//! Most of it is still a work-in-progress, as of 2024-01-22.
//!
//! The desired set of features it may eventually implement is the following:
//!
//! - [ ] compute proper unread room counts, and use backpagination to get
//!   missing messages/notifications/mentions, if needs be.
//! - [ ] expose that information with a new data structure similar to the
//!   `RoomInfo`, and that may update a `RoomListService`.
//! - [ ] provide read receipts for each message.
//! - [x] backwards pagination
//! - [~] forward pagination
//! - [ ] reconcile results with cached timelines.
//! - [ ] retry decryption upon receiving new keys (from an encryption sync
//!   service or from a key backup).
//! - [ ] expose the latest event for a given room.
//! - [ ] caching of events on-disk.

#![forbid(missing_docs)]

use std::{
    collections::BTreeMap,
    fmt::Debug,
    sync::{Arc, OnceLock, Weak},
};

use eyeball::Subscriber;
use matrix_sdk_base::{
    deserialized_responses::{AmbiguityChange, SyncTimelineEvent, TimelineEvent},
    sync::{JoinedRoomUpdate, LeftRoomUpdate, RoomUpdates, Timeline},
};
use matrix_sdk_common::executor::{spawn, JoinHandle};
use ruma::{
    events::{AnyRoomAccountDataEvent, AnySyncEphemeralRoomEvent},
    serde::Raw,
    OwnedEventId, OwnedRoomId, RoomId,
};
use tokio::sync::{
    broadcast::{error::RecvError, Receiver, Sender},
    Mutex, RwLock, RwLockWriteGuard,
};
use tracing::{error, info_span, instrument, trace, warn, Instrument as _, Span};

use self::{
    pagination::RoomPaginationData,
    paginator::{Paginator, PaginatorError},
    store::{Gap, RoomEvents},
};
use crate::{client::ClientInner, Client, Room};

mod linked_chunk;
mod pagination;
mod store;

pub mod paginator;
pub use pagination::RoomPagination;

/// An error observed in the [`EventCache`].
#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
pub enum EventCacheError {
    /// The [`EventCache`] instance hasn't been initialized with
    /// [`EventCache::subscribe`]
    #[error(
        "The EventCache hasn't subscribed to sync responses yet, call `EventCache::subscribe()`"
    )]
    NotSubscribedYet,

    /// The room hasn't been found in the client.
    ///
    /// Technically, it's possible to request a `RoomEventCache` for a room that
    /// is not known to the client, leading to this error.
    #[error("Room {0} hasn't been found in the Client.")]
    RoomNotFound(OwnedRoomId),

    /// The given back-pagination token is unknown to the event cache.
    #[error("The given back-pagination token is unknown to the event cache.")]
    UnknownBackpaginationToken,

    /// An error has been observed while back-paginating.
    #[error("Error observed while back-paginating: {0}")]
    BackpaginationError(#[from] PaginatorError),

    /// The [`EventCache`] owns a weak reference to the [`Client`] it pertains
    /// to. It's possible this weak reference points to nothing anymore, at
    /// times where we try to use the client.
    #[error("The owning client of the event cache has been dropped.")]
    ClientDropped,

    /// Another error caused by the SDK happened somewhere, and we report it to
    /// the caller.
    #[error("SDK error: {0}")]
    SdkError(#[source] crate::Error),
}

/// A result using the [`EventCacheError`].
pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, EventCacheError>;

/// Hold handles to the tasks spawn by a [`RoomEventCache`].
pub struct EventCacheDropHandles {
    /// Task that listens to room updates.
    listen_updates_task: JoinHandle<()>,

    /// Task that listens to updates to the user's ignored list.
    ignore_user_list_update_task: JoinHandle<()>,
}

impl Debug for EventCacheDropHandles {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("EventCacheDropHandles").finish_non_exhaustive()
    }
}

impl Drop for EventCacheDropHandles {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        self.listen_updates_task.abort();
        self.ignore_user_list_update_task.abort();
    }
}

/// An event cache, providing lots of useful functionality for clients.
///
/// Cloning is shallow, and thus is cheap to do.
///
/// See also the module-level comment.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct EventCache {
    /// Reference to the inner cache.
    inner: Arc<EventCacheInner>,
}

impl Debug for EventCache {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("EventCache").finish_non_exhaustive()
    }
}

impl EventCache {
    /// Create a new [`EventCache`] for the given client.
    pub(crate) fn new(client: &Arc<ClientInner>) -> Self {
        Self {
            inner: Arc::new(EventCacheInner {
                client: Arc::downgrade(client),
                multiple_room_updates_lock: Default::default(),
                by_room: Default::default(),
                drop_handles: Default::default(),
            }),
        }
    }

    /// Starts subscribing the [`EventCache`] to sync responses, if not done
    /// before.
    ///
    /// Re-running this has no effect if we already subscribed before, and is
    /// cheap.
    pub fn subscribe(&self) -> Result<()> {
        let client = self.inner.client()?;

        let _ = self.inner.drop_handles.get_or_init(|| {
            // Spawn the task that will listen to all the room updates at once.
            let listen_updates_task = spawn(Self::listen_task(
                self.inner.clone(),
                client.subscribe_to_all_room_updates(),
            ));

            let ignore_user_list_update_task = spawn(Self::ignore_user_list_update_task(
                self.inner.clone(),
                client.subscribe_to_ignore_user_list_changes(),
            ));

            Arc::new(EventCacheDropHandles { listen_updates_task, ignore_user_list_update_task })
        });

        Ok(())
    }

    #[instrument(skip_all)]
    async fn ignore_user_list_update_task(
        inner: Arc<EventCacheInner>,
        mut ignore_user_list_stream: Subscriber<Vec<String>>,
    ) {
        let span = info_span!(parent: Span::none(), "ignore_user_list_update_task");
        span.follows_from(Span::current());

        async move {
            while ignore_user_list_stream.next().await.is_some() {
                inner.clear_all_rooms().await;
            }
        }
        .instrument(span)
        .await;
    }

    #[instrument(skip_all)]
    async fn listen_task(
        inner: Arc<EventCacheInner>,
        mut room_updates_feed: Receiver<RoomUpdates>,
    ) {
        trace!("Spawning the listen task");
        loop {
            match room_updates_feed.recv().await {
                Ok(updates) => {
                    if let Err(err) = inner.handle_room_updates(updates).await {
                        match err {
                            EventCacheError::ClientDropped => {
                                // The client has dropped, exit the listen task.
                                break;
                            }
                            err => {
                                error!("Error when handling room updates: {err}");
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                Err(RecvError::Lagged(num_skipped)) => {
                    // Forget everything we know; we could have missed events, and we have
                    // no way to reconcile at the moment!
                    // TODO: implement Smart Matching™,
                    warn!(num_skipped, "Lagged behind room updates, clearing all rooms");
                    inner.clear_all_rooms().await;
                }

                Err(RecvError::Closed) => {
                    // The sender has shut down, exit.
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// Return a room-specific view over the [`EventCache`].
    pub(crate) async fn for_room(
        &self,
        room_id: &RoomId,
    ) -> Result<(Option<RoomEventCache>, Arc<EventCacheDropHandles>)> {
        let Some(drop_handles) = self.inner.drop_handles.get().cloned() else {
            return Err(EventCacheError::NotSubscribedYet);
        };

        let room = self.inner.for_room(room_id).await?;

        Ok((room, drop_handles))
    }

    /// Add an initial set of events to the event cache, reloaded from a cache.
    ///
    /// TODO: temporary for API compat, as the event cache should take care of
    /// its own store.
    #[instrument(skip(self, events))]
    pub async fn add_initial_events(
        &self,
        room_id: &RoomId,
        events: Vec<SyncTimelineEvent>,
        prev_batch: Option<String>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let Some(room_cache) = self.inner.for_room(room_id).await? else {
            warn!("unknown room, skipping");
            return Ok(());
        };

        // We could have received events during a previous sync; remove them all, since
        // we can't know where to insert the "initial events" with respect to
        // them.

        room_cache
            .inner
            .replace_all_events_by(events, prev_batch, Default::default(), Default::default())
            .await?;

        Ok(())
    }
}

struct EventCacheInner {
    /// A weak reference to the inner client, useful when trying to get a handle
    /// on the owning client.
    client: Weak<ClientInner>,

    /// A lock used when many rooms must be updated at once.
    ///
    /// [`Mutex`] is “fair”, as it is implemented as a FIFO. It is important to
    /// ensure that multiple updates will be applied in the correct order, which
    /// is enforced by taking this lock when handling an update.
    // TODO: that's the place to add a cross-process lock!
    multiple_room_updates_lock: Mutex<()>,

    /// Lazily-filled cache of live [`RoomEventCache`], once per room.
    by_room: RwLock<BTreeMap<OwnedRoomId, RoomEventCache>>,

    /// Handles to keep alive the task listening to updates.
    drop_handles: OnceLock<Arc<EventCacheDropHandles>>,
}

impl EventCacheInner {
    fn client(&self) -> Result<Client> {
        Ok(Client { inner: self.client.upgrade().ok_or(EventCacheError::ClientDropped)? })
    }

    /// Clears all the room's data.
    async fn clear_all_rooms(&self) {
        // Note: one must NOT clear the `by_room` map, because if something subscribed
        // to a room update, they would never get any new update for that room, since
        // re-creating the `RoomEventCache` would create a new unrelated sender.

        let rooms = self.by_room.write().await;
        for room in rooms.values() {
            // Notify all the observers that we've lost track of state. (We ignore the
            // error if there aren't any.)
            let _ = room.inner.sender.send(RoomEventCacheUpdate::Clear);
            // Clear all the events in memory.
            let mut events = room.inner.events.write().await;
            room.inner.clear(&mut events).await;
        }
    }

    /// Handles a single set of room updates at once.
    #[instrument(skip(self, updates))]
    async fn handle_room_updates(&self, updates: RoomUpdates) -> Result<()> {
        // First, take the lock that indicates we're processing updates, to avoid
        // handling multiple updates concurrently.
        let _lock = self.multiple_room_updates_lock.lock().await;

        // Left rooms.
        for (room_id, left_room_update) in updates.leave {
            let Some(room) = self.for_room(&room_id).await? else {
                warn!(%room_id, "missing left room");
                continue;
            };

            if let Err(err) = room.inner.handle_left_room_update(left_room_update).await {
                // Non-fatal error, try to continue to the next room.
                error!("handling left room update: {err}");
            }
        }

        // Joined rooms.
        for (room_id, joined_room_update) in updates.join {
            let Some(room) = self.for_room(&room_id).await? else {
                warn!(%room_id, "missing joined room");
                continue;
            };

            if let Err(err) = room.inner.handle_joined_room_update(joined_room_update).await {
                // Non-fatal error, try to continue to the next room.
                error!("handling joined room update: {err}");
            }
        }

        // Invited rooms.
        // TODO: we don't anything with `updates.invite` at this point.

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Return a room-specific view over the [`EventCache`].
    ///
    /// It may not be found, if the room isn't known to the client, in which
    /// case it'll return None.
    async fn for_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<RoomEventCache>> {
        // Fast path: the entry exists; let's acquire a read lock, it's cheaper than a
        // write lock.
        let by_room_guard = self.by_room.read().await;

        match by_room_guard.get(room_id) {
            Some(room) => Ok(Some(room.clone())),

            None => {
                // Slow-path: the entry doesn't exist; let's acquire a write lock.
                drop(by_room_guard);
                let mut by_room_guard = self.by_room.write().await;

                // In the meanwhile, some other caller might have obtained write access and done
                // the same, so check for existence again.
                if let Some(room) = by_room_guard.get(room_id) {
                    return Ok(Some(room.clone()));
                }

                let Some(room) = self.client()?.get_room(room_id) else {
                    return Ok(None);
                };

                let room_event_cache = RoomEventCache::new(room);

                by_room_guard.insert(room_id.to_owned(), room_event_cache.clone());

                Ok(Some(room_event_cache))
            }
        }
    }
}

/// A subset of an event cache, for a room.
///
/// Cloning is shallow, and thus is cheap to do.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct RoomEventCache {
    inner: Arc<RoomEventCacheInner>,
}

impl Debug for RoomEventCache {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("RoomEventCache").finish_non_exhaustive()
    }
}

impl RoomEventCache {
    /// Create a new [`RoomEventCache`] using the given room and store.
    fn new(room: Room) -> Self {
        Self { inner: Arc::new(RoomEventCacheInner::new(room)) }
    }

    /// Subscribe to room updates for this room, after getting the initial list
    /// of events. XXX: Could/should it use some kind of `Observable`
    /// instead? Or not something async, like explicit handlers as our event
    /// handlers?
    pub async fn subscribe(
        &self,
    ) -> Result<(Vec<SyncTimelineEvent>, Receiver<RoomEventCacheUpdate>)> {
        let events =
            self.inner.events.read().await.events().map(|(_position, item)| item.clone()).collect();

        Ok((events, self.inner.sender.subscribe()))
    }

    /// Return a [`RoomPagination`] API object useful for running
    /// back-pagination queries in the current room.
    pub fn pagination(&self) -> RoomPagination {
        RoomPagination { inner: self.inner.clone() }
    }
}

/// The (non-clonable) details of the `RoomEventCache`.
struct RoomEventCacheInner {
    /// Sender part for subscribers to this room.
    sender: Sender<RoomEventCacheUpdate>,

    /// The events of the room.
    events: RwLock<RoomEvents>,

    /// A paginator instance, that's configured to run back-pagination on our
    /// behalf.
    ///
    /// Note: forward-paginations are still run "out-of-band", that is,
    /// disconnected from the event cache, as we don't implement matching
    /// events received from those kinds of pagination with the cache. This
    /// paginator is only used for queries that interact with the actual event
    /// cache.
    ///
    /// It's protected behind a lock to avoid multiple accesses to the paginator
    /// at the same time.
    pagination: RoomPaginationData,
}

impl RoomEventCacheInner {
    /// Creates a new cache for a room, and subscribes to room updates, so as
    /// to handle new timeline events.
    fn new(room: Room) -> Self {
        let sender = Sender::new(32);

        Self {
            events: RwLock::new(RoomEvents::default()),
            sender,
            pagination: RoomPaginationData {
                paginator: Paginator::new(Box::new(room)),
                waited_for_initial_prev_token: Mutex::new(false),
                token_notifier: Default::default(),
            },
        }
    }

    async fn clear(&self, room_events: &mut RwLockWriteGuard<'_, RoomEvents>) {
        room_events.reset();

        // Reset the back-pagination state to the initial too.
        *self.pagination.waited_for_initial_prev_token.lock().await = false;
    }

    fn handle_account_data(&self, account_data: Vec<Raw<AnyRoomAccountDataEvent>>) {
        let mut handled_read_marker = false;

        trace!("Handling account data");
        for raw_event in account_data {
            match raw_event.deserialize() {
                Ok(AnyRoomAccountDataEvent::FullyRead(ev)) => {
                    // Sometimes the sliding sync proxy sends many duplicates of the read marker
                    // event. Don't forward it multiple times to avoid clutter
                    // the update channel.
                    //
                    // NOTE: SS proxy workaround.
                    if handled_read_marker {
                        continue;
                    }

                    handled_read_marker = true;

                    // Propagate to observers. (We ignore the error if there aren't any.)
                    let _ = self.sender.send(RoomEventCacheUpdate::UpdateReadMarker {
                        event_id: ev.content.event_id,
                    });
                }

                Ok(_) => {
                    // We're not interested in other room account data updates,
                    // at this point.
                }

                Err(e) => {
                    let event_type = raw_event.get_field::<String>("type").ok().flatten();
                    warn!(event_type, "Failed to deserialize account data: {e}");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    async fn handle_joined_room_update(&self, updates: JoinedRoomUpdate) -> Result<()> {
        self.handle_timeline(
            updates.timeline,
            updates.ephemeral.clone(),
            updates.ambiguity_changes,
        )
        .await?;

        self.handle_account_data(updates.account_data);

        Ok(())
    }

    async fn handle_timeline(
        &self,
        timeline: Timeline,
        ephemeral: Vec<Raw<AnySyncEphemeralRoomEvent>>,
        ambiguity_changes: BTreeMap<OwnedEventId, AmbiguityChange>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        if timeline.limited {
            // Ideally we'd try to reconcile existing events against those received in the
            // timeline, but we're not there yet. In the meanwhile, clear the
            // items from the room. TODO: implement Smart Matching™.
            trace!("limited timeline, clearing all previous events and pushing new events");

            self.replace_all_events_by(
                timeline.events,
                timeline.prev_batch,
                ephemeral,
                ambiguity_changes,
            )
            .await?;
        } else {
            // Add all the events to the backend.
            trace!("adding new events");

            self.append_new_events(
                timeline.events,
                timeline.prev_batch,
                ephemeral,
                ambiguity_changes,
            )
            .await?;
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    async fn handle_left_room_update(&self, updates: LeftRoomUpdate) -> Result<()> {
        self.handle_timeline(updates.timeline, Vec::new(), updates.ambiguity_changes).await?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Remove existing events, and append a set of events to the room cache and
    /// storage, notifying observers.
    async fn replace_all_events_by(
        &self,
        events: Vec<SyncTimelineEvent>,
        prev_batch: Option<String>,
        ephemeral: Vec<Raw<AnySyncEphemeralRoomEvent>>,
        ambiguity_changes: BTreeMap<OwnedEventId, AmbiguityChange>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        // Acquire the lock.
        let mut room_events = self.events.write().await;

        // Reset the room's state.
        self.clear(&mut room_events).await;

        // Propagate to observers.
        let _ = self.sender.send(RoomEventCacheUpdate::Clear);

        // Push the new events.
        self.append_events_locked_impl(
            room_events,
            events,
            prev_batch,
            ephemeral,
            ambiguity_changes,
        )
        .await
    }

    /// Append a set of events to the room cache and storage, notifying
    /// observers.
    async fn append_new_events(
        &self,
        events: Vec<SyncTimelineEvent>,
        prev_batch: Option<String>,
        ephemeral: Vec<Raw<AnySyncEphemeralRoomEvent>>,
        ambiguity_changes: BTreeMap<OwnedEventId, AmbiguityChange>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        self.append_events_locked_impl(
            self.events.write().await,
            events,
            prev_batch,
            ephemeral,
            ambiguity_changes,
        )
        .await
    }

    /// Append a set of events, with an attached lock.
    ///
    /// If the lock `room_events` is `None`, one will be created.
    ///
    /// This is a private implementation. It must not be exposed publicly.
    async fn append_events_locked_impl(
        &self,
        mut room_events: RwLockWriteGuard<'_, RoomEvents>,
        events: Vec<SyncTimelineEvent>,
        prev_batch: Option<String>,
        ephemeral: Vec<Raw<AnySyncEphemeralRoomEvent>>,
        ambiguity_changes: BTreeMap<OwnedEventId, AmbiguityChange>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        if events.is_empty()
            && prev_batch.is_none()
            && ephemeral.is_empty()
            && ambiguity_changes.is_empty()
        {
            return Ok(());
        }

        // Add the previous back-pagination token (if present), followed by the timeline
        // events themselves.
        {
            if let Some(prev_token) = &prev_batch {
                room_events.push_gap(Gap { prev_token: prev_token.clone() });
            }

            room_events.push_events(events.clone().into_iter());
        }

        // Now that all events have been added, we can trigger the
        // `pagination_token_notifier`.
        if prev_batch.is_some() {
            self.pagination.token_notifier.notify_one();
        }

        let _ =
            self.sender.send(RoomEventCacheUpdate::Append { events, ephemeral, ambiguity_changes });

        Ok(())
    }
}

/// The result of a single back-pagination request.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct BackPaginationOutcome {
    /// Did the back-pagination reach the start of the timeline?
    pub reached_start: bool,

    /// All the events that have been returned in the back-pagination
    /// request.
    ///
    /// Events are presented in reverse order: the first element of the vec,
    /// if present, is the most "recent" event from the chunk (or
    /// technically, the last one in the topological ordering).
    ///
    /// Note: they're not deduplicated (TODO: smart reconciliation).
    pub events: Vec<TimelineEvent>,
}

/// An update related to events happened in a room.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum RoomEventCacheUpdate {
    /// The room has been cleared from events.
    Clear,

    /// The fully read marker has moved to a different event.
    UpdateReadMarker {
        /// Event at which the read marker is now pointing.
        event_id: OwnedEventId,
    },

    /// The room has new events.
    Append {
        /// All the new events that have been added to the room's timeline.
        events: Vec<SyncTimelineEvent>,
        /// XXX: this is temporary, until read receipts are handled in the event
        /// cache
        ephemeral: Vec<Raw<AnySyncEphemeralRoomEvent>>,
        /// Collection of ambiguity changes that room member events trigger.
        ///
        /// This is a map of event ID of the `m.room.member` event to the
        /// details of the ambiguity change.
        ambiguity_changes: BTreeMap<OwnedEventId, AmbiguityChange>,
    },
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use assert_matches2::assert_matches;
    use futures_util::FutureExt as _;
    use matrix_sdk_base::sync::JoinedRoomUpdate;
    use matrix_sdk_test::async_test;
    use ruma::{room_id, serde::Raw};
    use serde_json::json;

    use super::{EventCacheError, RoomEventCacheUpdate};
    use crate::test_utils::logged_in_client;

    #[async_test]
    async fn test_must_explicitly_subscribe() {
        let client = logged_in_client(None).await;

        let event_cache = client.event_cache();

        // If I create a room event subscriber for a room before subscribing the event
        // cache,
        let room_id = room_id!("!omelette:fromage.fr");
        let result = event_cache.for_room(room_id).await;

        // Then it fails, because one must explicitly call `.subscribe()` on the event
        // cache.
        assert_matches!(result, Err(EventCacheError::NotSubscribedYet));
    }

    #[async_test]
    async fn test_uniq_read_marker() {
        let client = logged_in_client(None).await;
        let room_id = room_id!("!galette:saucisse.bzh");
        client.base_client().get_or_create_room(room_id, matrix_sdk_base::RoomState::Joined);

        let event_cache = client.event_cache();

        event_cache.subscribe().unwrap();

        let (room_event_cache, _drop_handles) = event_cache.for_room(room_id).await.unwrap();
        let room_event_cache = room_event_cache.unwrap();

        let (events, mut stream) = room_event_cache.subscribe().await.unwrap();

        assert!(events.is_empty());

        // When sending multiple times the same read marker event,…
        let read_marker_event = Raw::from_json_string(
            json!({
                "content": {
                    "event_id": "$crepe:saucisse.bzh"
                },
                "room_id": "!galette:saucisse.bzh",
                "type": "m.fully_read"
            })
            .to_string(),
        )
        .unwrap();
        let account_data = vec![read_marker_event; 100];

        room_event_cache
            .inner
            .handle_joined_room_update(JoinedRoomUpdate { account_data, ..Default::default() })
            .await
            .unwrap();

        // … there's only one read marker update.
        assert_matches!(
            stream.recv().await.unwrap(),
            RoomEventCacheUpdate::UpdateReadMarker { .. }
        );

        assert!(stream.recv().now_or_never().is_none());
    }
}